Abstract: This article describes the system of polycarboxylate superplasticizer concrete's researchs and development status, performance characteristics of the mechanism and synthetic methods, and analyzed polycarboxylate superplasticizer's different synthesis techniques at home and abroad . through different process steps analyzed the synthesis of superplasticizer's affecting factors.such as with the reduction of allyl monomers, the viscosity of superplasticizer increased and the paste fluidity retention also fell, so to enhance the performance of superplasticizer the amount of allyl monomers which as a chain transfer should be the more the better. Maleic anhydride will make the Retention of cement paste fluidity decreased, and with the amount of MAn increase ,the viscosity of superplasticizer decreased. Adding cross-linking agent to cross-linked superplasticizer,it's viscosity will increased, as well as the liquidity losed. After the introduction of acrylonitrile, with the increase of acrylonitrile ,cement's initial paste fluidity dropped ,and the viscosity of superplasticizer increases.