The Research of Soliton Communication Systems ABSTRACT Optical fiber communication has the advantage of high-speed, large-capacity, long-distance and noise-proof,but fiber loss and dispersion limits the optical pulse transmission performance, has hinder the development of optical fiber communications. With the widespread use of EDFA, the loss basically solved, fiber dispersion effect has become the main factors which limit optical signal transmission rate and distance in the fiber-optic communications system.In the field of communications,nonlinear compensation dispersion effect (formation of solitons) to maintain the stability of the optical pulse transmission is becoming the hot spot . This paper introduces the theory of solitons. The first chapter describes soliton formation mechanism that is used the effects of nonlinear to balance dispersion effects in order to achieve stability in the optical pulse propagation; In part II discusses the description of the soliton transmission equation and soliton solutions; Bit rate and the transmission distance and the error rate is the main communications parameters, If achieving stability ultrashort pulse transmission only by the nonlinear effects is not realized.So the third part discusses dispersion management and intensive dispersion management concept and the fourth part of the optical pulse compression technology,introduces the dispersion of management and soliton compression effect of combining technology,in order to achieve pulse compression and maintained short-pulse stability of the transmission, to achieve high-speed, large-capacity, long-distance communication. In the fifth part of simulate various effect of soliton transmission with Matlab software.