于基于高档微处理器和嵌入式操作系统的嵌入式系统的开发和研究

论文字数:20521.页数:53

摘要
 
 嵌入式系统已经走进了人们的生活。随着它在消费电子、航空航天、汽车电子、医疗保健、网络通信、工业控制等各个领域的广泛应用，“嵌入式系统”这个名词已经被各行各业的人所熟悉。它正在以各种不同的形式悄悄改变着人们的生产、生活方式。无庸置疑，嵌入式系统已经成为当今计算机领域的一个亮点。
 嵌入式操作系统μCLinux，是Linux 的一个分支，它具有强大的网络功能，在中低端嵌入式网络设备中有广泛应用。与其它的嵌入式操作系统相比，因其专为没有MMU（内存管理单元）的CPU 而设计的；免费软件，源代码开放；微内核，本身内置网络支持和高度模块化等优点，非常适合做嵌入式开发的操作系统。μCLinux提供给用户的编程接口和Linux的基本一样，所以虽然在内存管理上有所差异，但是对应用层是透明的。
 S3C44B0X是三星公司基于ARM7TDMI核的32位RISC处理器，主要被设计来为手持式设备等提供一个低成本高性能的方案。由于S3C44B0X配置丰富，可以选择它做不同的系统。
 本论文将ARM 和μCLinux相结合，主要研究μCLinux的内核组成，引导代码blob 的组成、内存管理、进程管理等方面，掌握了μCLinux的开发流程即在Linux 操作系统下，如何编写程序代码，编译程序，调试程序，编写与自己程序相关的makefile 文件等，在此基础上安装了各种编译器，搭建嵌入式Linux 开发环境。搭建ARM+μCLinux 的系统平台，包括硬件选择和软件设计。硬件选择通用的ARM7TDMI内核处理器为主控芯片的S3C44B0X。软件上设计主要有：对μCLinux 的引导代码blob进行改写，要配置寄存器，存储单元，修改它的启动文件，编写flash 的程序，配置串口等；对μCLinux 源代码进行改写及裁减。

关键词：μCLinux，嵌入式系统，引导代码，ARM
 
ABSTRACT

 Embedded Systems has entered the people's life。With it was widely used in consumer electronics, aerospace, automotive electronics, health care, network coMMUnications, industrial control and so on. "Embedded system," the term has been all walks of life who are familiar with. It is in various forms quietly changing the people's production and way of life. There is no doubt, today's embedded systems have become a bright spot in the computer field.
 Embedded operating system μCLinux, is a branch of Linux, it has strong networking capabilities, it is widely used in low-end embedded network equipment。And compared to other embedded operating system, because for no MMU (memory management unit) and the CPU design; free software, Open source code，microkernel, their built-in network support and highly modular advantages , Is very suitable for the development of the embedded operating system. μCLinux available to the user's programming interface and the same basic Linux，so despite the differences on memory management, but the application layer is transparent.
 Samsung S3C44B0Xare based on the ARM7TDMI core 32-bit RISC processor, was designed primarily for handheld devices to provide a low-cost high-performance programme. As S3C44B0X targeting rich, you can choose to do different systems.
 This paper primary research μCLinux Core components，the Composition of Guide code, memory management, process management, master the development process of μCLinux that is in the Linux operating system, how to write code, compiler, debugger and so on. Based on this installation a variety of compilers, structures embedded Linux development environment. ARM+μCLinux structures of the system platform, including the choice of hardware and software design. The hardware choose S3C44B0X with general ARM7TDMI CPU in.software mainly include: modify the blob code，write the registers and memories，write the driver of the flash and net card，rewrite the μCLinux source code.

 KeyWords：μCLinux, Embedded, Bootloader, ARM

目录

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
 1.1 系统开发背景 1
 1.2 研究内容 1
第2章 嵌入式操作系统μCLinux 2
 2.1 μCLinux的简介 2
 2.2 μCLinux模块 3
 2.2.1 启动模块 3
 2.2.2 内核初始化 3
 2.2.3 系统调用处理/异常处理 3
 2.2.4 驱动程序 4
 2.2.5 文件系统 4
 2.2.6 内存管理 4
 2.2.7 进程管理 5
 2.3 μCLinux启动过程 5
 2.4 开发环境的搭建及开发工具介绍 7
 2.4.1 开发环境的搭建 7
 2.4.2 开发工具GNU 9
 2.4.3 Gcc编译器 9
 2.4.4 make编译器 10
 2.4.5 makefile文件的编写 10
 2.4.6 vi文本编辑器 11
第3章 ARM7-S3C44B0开发板 14
 3.1 开发板简介 14
 3.2 设置超级终端 15
第4章 ARM+μCLinux系统的移植 18
 4.1 μCLinux的引导代码bootloader 18
 4.1.1 Blob简介及运行过程 18
 4.1.2 bootloader的改写介绍 19
 4.2 μCLinux移植 27
 4.2.1 μCLinux的加载方式 27
 4.2.2 μCLinux移植过程 27
第5章 微型嵌入式web服务器的设计 39
 5.1 http协议 39
 5.1.1 http协议概述 39
 5.1.2 http几个重要的概念 39
 5.1.3 http协议的运作方式 40
 5.2 简单的web服务器的搭建 42
 5.3 web服务器实现的步骤和实验结果 44
第6章 总结 46
致谢 47
参考文献 48