孙中山的社会保障思想及评析

论文编号:LS202  论文字数:13116,页数:17

孙中山的社会保障思想及评析

摘要

 作为20世纪初期最具影响的思想家，孙中山从其“养民济穷”的民生论出发，提出了很多颇具新意的社会保障主张，成为近代中国社会保障思想史上的集大成者。孙中山的社会保障思想是在继承中国传统民本思想的基础上，并受到西方社会福利思想的影响而形成的。它主要包括灾民、难民救济，优待抚恤和社会福利三方面。他的社会保障思想体现出了以民为本、安老怀少，与发展实业相结合以及救助的制度化和法治化特点。孙中山所设计的这种“国利民富”的理想社会，反映了中国人对没有剥削没有压迫的理想社会和大同世界的强烈渴望，但是这些构想很大程度上脱离了中国的实际，缺乏实施的社会历史环境，尽管如此，孙中山主持建立起来的民国社会救助体系仍然揭开了中国近代社会保障事业转型的帷幕，对中国当代不断改革和完善社会保障制度提供了重要的启示：中国社会保障的改革和发展要与当前的经济社会发展水平相适应，同时借鉴西方发达国家的成功经验，结合中国的具体国情，稳步推进社会保障的改革和完善。

关键词: 孙中山  社会保障  近代化
 
Sun Yat-sen's social security thought and comments on and analyses
 
 Abstrract：
 
 As the thinker who affects have most early in the 20 century,Sun Yat-sen "has supported a people from the person helping poor " people's livelihood theory starting off , has brought forward many social security view expecting rather newly , has become upper expert with a comprehensive expression of Chinese social security the modern times thought history .Sun Yat-sen's social security thought is effect mounting, and accepting west public welfare thought in the basis inheriting Chinese tradition people this Great Harmony thought's but takes form. It includes victims of a natural calamity mainly , the refugee relieves, give preferential treatment to the aspect comforting and compensating a bereaved family with three public welfares. People be become old , ampere thinking of the systematism stopping each other, combining with to developing industry and helping in danger, and rule by law-rization for his social security thought having been embodied out. Although the Republic society that the history environment, This "country designed by Sun Yat-sen benefits the people ideal rich " society, has reflected the intense Chinese aspiration to not exploiting ideal society and Great Harmonic Universe not oppressing, but these conceive of the reality having broken away from Chinese on very big degree but the Sun Yat-sen host founds because of being short of the society who is put into effect helps system in danger, the drapery having revealed Chinese social security cause the modern times transforming , the social security system hereafter unceasingly, reforming and improving and perfecting to China have provided the important enlightenment. The social security reformation and develop essential points and current economic and social development level appearance adapt to China, useful experience using developed Western countries for reference at the same time, steadily, Chinese country's specific national condition of union, pushes forward the social security reformation and improves and perfects.

Key words: ：Sun Yat-sen   social security   Modern times-rization
 
 目录
 
引言...................................................................... 1
文献综述.................................................................. 1
研究方法  2
讨论与分析  2
一、 孙中山社会保障思想的渊源..................................... ......．.．3
传统民本大同的福利思想...................................... ......．.3
西方福利思想的影响.......................................... ......．.3
二、孙中山社会保障思想的内容...............................................4
社会救济思想............................................. ...........5
优待抚恤思想................................................ ........5
社会福利思想................................................ ........6
三、孙中山社会保障思想的具体实施.................................. ........7
四、孙中山社会保障思想的特点...................................... ........9
以民为本，关怀民生.......................................... ........9
社会保障与发展实业相结合.................................... ........9
重视科学技术与社会救济的结合................................ .......10
社会保障的制度化和法制化.................................... .......11
五、孙中山社会保障思想的评析...................................... .......12
结论.............................................................. .......13
参考文献.......................................................... .......14