学龄前儿童电视教育节目的创作探析

论文编号:WHCY146 论文字数:18799,页数:23  传播学（媒体制作 ）
 【摘  要】

 电视作为现代社会最主要的传媒之一，对人类的生活产生了深刻的影响，尤其对当今的少年儿童具有极大的“魔力”。据央视-索福瑞研究数据表明，从幼儿园到初中毕业的12年时间里，儿童接触电视的时间长达5000多小时，远远超过他们学过的任何一门课程的时间。因此，儿童节目对于少年儿童，尤其是学龄前儿童的身心发展和影响极为巨大和深远。目前，我国儿童电视节目虽然蓬勃发展，数量激增，在节目包装上也较以往有很大的进步和突破，但仍存在诸多问题，而这其中最需要我国儿童电视节目继续深刻探究的问题是：如何做到节目的“寓教于乐”，并真正能以儿童的视角进行节目的创作，即“儿童本位”。
 学龄前儿童电视教育节目根据定位的不同可分为面向家庭的学前电视家教节目和面向家长的学前电视家教节目。本文运用内容分析法对美国著名儿童电视教育节目《芝麻街》、我国深受小朋友喜爱的学龄前儿童电视 教育节目《智慧树》等多个国内外典型儿童节目为例，分析儿童电视教育节目的创作特点及制作特性。
 从学龄前儿童电视教育节目的创作角度和节目的内容形式上讲，节目更应以“儿童本位”的观点进行创作，也很需要“寓教于乐”的方式和原则，即选题、内容等都要力求从玩中学习知识，在欢乐中学习本领，在娱乐中感悟世界。此外，节目的主持人、场景设置也需要有一定的特性。最后从节目的视听制作特性上讲，声音部分需要具备孩子的画外音、具有真实感的环境声、主题曲、背景音乐以及同期声的合理运用；画面部分则需要包括活泼变化的镜头、明亮艳丽的色彩设计、漫画式的字幕等等来辅助节目的内容，帮助吸引孩子的注意力。
 此外，本文的最后还阐述了我国学龄前儿童电视节目的现状，并试图分析问题存在的原因，以及笔者所期待的未来我国儿童节目的发展趋势，希望借此为我国的儿童电视节目创作进献一份绵薄之力。
 
 
 关键词：学龄前儿童；电视教育节目；节目创作；制作特性
 
  【Abstract】
 Television, as one of the major media in modern society has exerted a profound influence on the current human life, especially on young children. According to the data showed on CCTV - Suo Furui, 12 years from kindergarten to junior high school graduation, children pay more than 5000 hours on TV. Thus, children's programs have a far-reaching influence to children, especially preschool children physical and mental development. At present, development of children's television programs is vigorous, and the number of it is growing, and the program package also makes great progress. However, many problems still exist, among which most urgent question needs to be solved in children's television programs in China is that how to realize the education in amusement of programs, and producing programs from children’s perspective, namely ‘children standard’.
 According to different orientations, preschool TV educational programs can be divided into focusing on family and parents. Taking the American children's educational television program Sesame Street and Chinese popular preschool educational television programs like Wisdom Tree and other children's programs as examples, this paper uses content analysis to research characteristics of creative features and production of children's educational television programs.
 From the perspective of creativity and content of TV education programs, it should abide by the rule of ‘children standard’ and education in amusement. In addition, the hosts, settings and the scene also need to meet certain characteristics. Finally, in the speaking of features of audio-visual production, some elements should be reasonably applied that can help to attract children’s attention such as the off-scene sound of children, realistic environmental sound, theme song and background music, rational use of corresponding period sound, active lens, bright color, cartoon-style captions, etc.
 In addition, this paper finally illustrated the status of Chinese preschool television programs, and attempted to analyze the reasons of problems, and looked forward to the future of development trend of China's children's programs.
 
 
 Keywords：Preschool children;  Educational TV program;  Program creation;  Production characteristics
 
 目    录

 引言 2
 （一）学龄前儿童的界定 3
 1．什么是学龄前儿童 3
 2．学龄前儿童的心理特征 4
 （二）学龄前儿童电视教育节目 4
 1.学龄前儿童电视教育节目的界定 4
 2.学龄前儿童电视教育节目的收视特性 4
 二、学前儿童电视教育节目的创作特点 6
 （一）“儿童本位”的创作原则 6
 1.“儿童本位”的含义 6
 2．“儿童本位”的具体体现 7
 （二）“寓教于乐”的内容形式 9
 1.科学全面的选题 9
 2.“寓教于乐”的表现手段 10
 3.丰富变换的场景 13
 三、学龄前儿童电视节目的视听制作特性 14
 （一）童趣、多元的声音 14
 1.人声（具有亲和力的声音） 14
 2.音响（具有真实感的环境声） 15
 3.音乐（主题曲与背景音乐） 16
 4.同期声的特别运用 16
 （二）活泼、艳丽的画面 16
 1.活泼变化的镜头把握 16
 2. 明亮色彩的设计与搭配 17
 3. 漫画式的字幕添加 17
 四、我国学龄前儿童电视教育节目的现状与趋势 17
 （一）我国学前电视教育节目的主要问题 17
 1. 同类型节目数量不足 18
 2. 说教痕迹明显、娱乐性不强 18
 （二）节目存在问题的原因及解决之道 19
 1. 受众细分不够与专业、科学的受众细分 19
 2. 创作人才匮乏与专业团队的创建 19
 结论 21
 参考文献 22
致谢 24