At present, the number of college graduates in our country has been increasing, which has also caused the pressure of employment in various industries to expand. The increasing number of graduates and the demand for social positions are increasingly incompatible. Many college students are facing the problem that graduation is equal to unemployment and difficult to find employment. In this case, it is impossible to rely entirely on the power of the government and society, and it is very important to cultivate the entrepreneurial consciousness of college students. College students 'entrepreneurship plays an important role in easing employment pressure and transforming economic development. The main research topic of this paper is the entrepreneurial quality and entrepreneurial ability of college students. Through the questionnaire survey of students 'entrepreneurship, this paper analyzes and discusses the entrepreneurial ability of students from the aspects of entrepreneurial learning ability, psychological response ability, innovation and creation ability, organizational management ability and ability to grasp opportunities. This paper points out some shortcomings in this field, analyzes the reasons for these shortcomings, and puts forward his own thoughts on how to improve the enthusiasm of college students for entrepreneurship, promote the coordinated development of large-scale entrepreneurship education, and create good opportunities for students to start their own businesses. Under the background, the improvement of students 'entrepreneurial quality and ability provides reference and reference.