采用Δ-Σ称重仪的硬件设计

电气自动化论文编号:ZD1054    论文字数:14339,页数:30

摘  要 II
1  绪论 1
1.1 课题的背景和研究意义 1
1.2本课题的主要研究内容 1
2  称重仪显示器主要芯片介绍 2
2.1单片机PIC16F76介绍 2
2.2  MAX232介绍 3
2.3  CS5534介绍 5
3  称重仪的工作原理 8
3.1  称重仪的性能 8
3.2   称重仪工作原理 8
3.3 称重仪基本结构 8
4  称重仪传感器设计 10
4.1  传感器设计原则 10
4.2  传感器主要技术指标 10
4.3  传感器类型的选择 12
4.4  传感器的补偿 12
5  称重控制器设计 15
5.1 硬件设计原则 15
5.2  控制器电路图 15
5.3 电源模块选型 15
5. 4  模拟信号采集电路 17
5.5 模/数转换电路 19
6  系统抗干扰设计 21
6.1 PCB抗干扰总体设计 21
6.2  电源地线的处理 21
6.3  布线设计 22
7  总结与展望 24
致   谢 26
参考文献 27

摘  要
 
 目前，随着生产力的发展，电子称重仪的应用范围越来越广泛，同时对电子称重仪的技术要求也越来越高，电子称重仪由一个单一的称重装置逐渐发展成一个集称重、自动控制和信息处理等为一体的综合性的称重系统。作为智能仪器，近年来得到迅速发展，已成为现代称重技术发展的主流。随着新技术、新器件、新标准的不断涌现和应用领域的不断扩大，电子称重仪的体系结构、设计和实现的方法等都在不断地变革之中。
 电子称重技术在我国近十几年来有了突飞猛进的发展，无论是产品的性能、功能，还是可靠性方面都有了很大的提高，应用范围也大大的扩展了。便携式汽车称重系统广泛应用于交管和路政部门在公路上检查汽车超载超限运输，可以静、动态检测出汽车的轴载重、总载重、是否超限超载、超载的重量等数据，为交管和路政部门提供有力依据，对于安全行车、杜绝事故、保护道路及桥梁至关重要。
 本设计Δ-Σ称重仪其实就是模数转换称重仪，系统用PIC单片机代替微机进行控制，完成智能称重仪器应具备的所有功能，该装置具有较高的抗干扰能力，可在恶劣环境中稳定可靠地工作；具有较高的称重精度，误差控制在0.5-2%范围以内；结构简单，使用寿命长，操作简单，工作可靠，显示直观明了，外形美观大方的优点。
  

关键词：电子称重仪、自动控制、信息处理、单片机
Abstract
 Nowadays, with the development of productivity, and the application of electronic weighing instrument more and more widely, while the technical requirements of electronic weighing instrument is also increasing, electronic weighing instrument from a single weighing device develop into a comprehensive weighing system with weighing, automation and information processing.As intelligent instruments, it has developed rapidly in recent years. It has become the mainstream in the development of modern weighing technology.With the new technology, new devices and new standards are emerging and expanding field of applications, electronic weighing instrument architecture, design and the method of implementation are all in constant transformation.
 Over the last decade, electronic weighing technology with rapid development in China. It is both in product performance, functionality, or reliability has greatly improved. The scope of its application greatly increased also.Portable vehicle weighing system is widely used in traffic management and road administration departments in the road checking cars overload transportation. It can be static and dynamic detection of vehicle axle-load, the total load, whether overload, overload of weight data for traffic management and road administration departments provide a strong basis. Therefore, it is important to drive safety, prevent accidents, protect vital roads and bridges.
 The system controlled by PIC Single-Chip computer instead of Microcomputer to complete all the features which the intelligent weighing instrument should have. This device has a high anti-interference ability, and can work in harsh environments effectively and stably; It has a high weighing accuracy, and can control the error within the 0.5-2%；It has very simple structure and long service life.
 
 Keywords： Electronic weighing apparatus、Automatic control、information Processing 、SCM