嵌入式PID控制器硬件设计

电气自动化论文编号:ZD947    论文字数:16817,页数:41
目 录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  绪论 1
1.1 PID的概述 1
 1.2 嵌入式系统概述 1
 1.2.1 ARM处理器 2
 1.2.2 嵌入式Linux 4
1.3 本文的主要研究内容 5
2  嵌入式PID控制器外围硬件设计 6
2.1 系统总体原理 6
2.2 电流电压转换电路 6
2.3 电压电流转换电路 7
2.4 触摸屏接口硬件电路 9
2.5 本章小结 9
3  嵌入式Linux开发环境的建立 10
3.1 开发环境的简述 10
3.2 开发环境的配置 10
3.3 嵌入式Linux内核的配置和编译 13
3.4嵌入式Linux内核的固化和运行 15
3.5本章小结 15
4  设备驱动程序介绍 16
4.1 设备驱动概述 16
4.2 驱动程序与应用程序的区别 17
4.3 字符设备驱动程序的编写 17
4.4 本章小结 19
5  AD驱动程序设计 20
5.1 AD驱动程序流程图 20
5.2 AD驱动程序 20
5.3 添加AD驱动程序进内核 25
5.4 本章小结 27
6  PWM驱动程序设计 28
6.1 PWM驱动程序流程图 28
6.2 PWM驱动程序的设计 28
6.3 添加PWM驱动程序进内核 29
6.4 本章小结 29
7  触摸屏驱动程序设计 30
7.1触摸屏驱动程序流程图 30
7.2 触摸屏驱动程序设计 30
7.3 添加触摸屏驱动程序进内核 33
7.4 本章小结 34
8  总结与展望 35
总结： 35
收获： 35
展望： 35
致   谢 36
参考文献 37

摘  要
 随着科技的日新月异，研制智能化、小型化的PID控制器越来越受重视。一般的8位处理器已经无法满足大量的数据处理，特别是在实时性、多任务化的要求下。32位的处理器以其高的性价比，出众的性能成为现在开发产品首选的控制器。
 本文重点介绍了嵌入式PID控制器的硬件系统设计。此硬件系统主要是使用信号变换电路将信号转换成处理器或外部设备能识别的信号。再通过触摸屏进行人机交互，显示实时数据和获得设定参数。使用ARM处理器S3C2410来进行PID计算和显示各种人机界面。PID计算和系统所需的数据都必须通过低层设备驱动来从外部设备获取，还须开发上述硬件的驱动程序。本文详细的介绍了电流电压转换电路、电压电流转换电路、低通滤波器等纯硬件电路，同时详细介绍了AD驱动、PWM驱动和触摸屏驱动编写过程。

关键词： PID、嵌入式Linux系统、Linux设备驱动、信号转换

Abstract

Along with technical progress, the development of the small and intelligent PID control is becoming more and more important. MCUs with 8-bit CPU, cannot afford large quantity of data processing, especifically with the demand of real time，multi-task. While MCUs, with 32-bit CPU and  the high performance-price ratio and outstanding performance, is becoming the first choice for electronic products recently.
Embedded PID controller's hardware system design is detailed introduced in this thesis. The signaltranslation electric circuit is used in this hardware system to transform the signal to another which can recognized by processor or the external devices, through the touchscreen. we can carries on the man-machine interaction, simultaneously display the real-time data and obtain the setup parameter. ARM processor S3C2410 is also used to enforce PID calculation and demonstrate kinds of man-machine contact surface. The data, which can be used in the PID computation and the system, must be obtained from the external device though the underlying devices drviers. So it is necessary to develop device driver for the hardware. This article detailed introducts the electric current voltage switching circuit、voltage electric current switching circuit and lowpass filter . Also the AD driver, the PWM driver and the touchscreen driver programming process is introduced in detail.

Keywords: Digital PID, Embedded Linux Systems, Linux Device Drivers , Signal convertion