太阳能电池自动跟踪系统硬件部分

电气自动化论文编号:ZD868  论文字数:10143,页数:26 附任务书，开题报告，文献综述，外文翻译

目 录

摘要.........................................................................1
1 绪论......................................................................1
研究背景及意义 .......................................................1
2 总体方案设计.............................................................3
2.1系统总体结构..........................................................3
 3系统硬件设计.............................................................4
 3.1光电检测 .............................................................4
 3.1.1光电检测器件选取  .............................................. 4
 3.1.2光电检测的设计...................................................7
 3.2机械跟踪定位系统......................................................8
 3.2.1机械跟踪定位系统的器件选取.......................................8
 3.2.2机械跟踪定位系统的设计...........................................6
 3.3时钟电路.............................................................12
   3.4单片机AT89C52.........................................................15
4系统开发工具介绍.........................................................18
 4.1 PROTEL简介...........................................................18
 4.2 PROTEL的组成及功能...................................................18
5 系统调试.................................................................21
6 结论与展望...............................................................22
7 总结.............................................................23
 致谢.......................................................................24
 参考文献..................................................................25

摘要

 本系统以单片机为核心, 构建了由光电二极管检测和比较, 方位角和高度角双轴机械跟踪定位系统组成的自动控制装置, 设计出一套自动使太阳能电池板保持与太阳光垂直的自动跟踪系统。在晴天检测时能自动跟踪太阳并实时回存正确数据, 消除因季节变化而产生的积累误差, 在阴天时能自动引用晴天时的位置, 控制精度高, 具有广泛的应用潜力。实现了追踪太阳的效果, 达到提高发电效率的目的。 该系统不仅能自动根据太阳光方向来调整太阳能电池板朝向，结构简单、成本低，而且在跟踪过程中能自动记忆和更正不同时间的坐标位置，不必人工干预，特别适合天气变化比较复杂和无人看守的情况。
 太阳自动跟踪系统能根据当地的经纬度自动检测昼夜 , 并应用了太阳辐射与环境亮度的比较 , 使得该自动跟踪系统的准确性高、可靠性强 , 在晴天检测过程中能实时回存正确的时间和角度数据 , 消除因季节变化而产生的积累误差。在阴天时能通过比较自动转动到以前晴天时的位置。即使是在天气变化比较复杂的情况下 ,系统也能正常工作 , 提高太阳能的利用效率。     
 
关键词：太阳跟踪；光电检测；自动定位；单片机；设计

Abstract

 Solar automatic tracking  system regards one - chip computer as the core , structure it by photodiode measuring and comparative law , a. 1zimuth and high corner double axle machinery follow the automatic control device that the navigation system make up , design one enable the sun panel keep with sunlight vertical automatic tracking system model automatically. Go back to store the correct data when can be real when it is fine while measuring , dispel the accumulation error produced because of seasonal variation , position on can when being automatically fine day of quoting at overcast day , reach the anticipated performance index , it is high to control the precision , have extensive application potentiality. Realize following the trail of the result of the sun , achieve the goal of improving efficiency of generating electricity.This system not merely can automatically adjust the solar battery orientation according to the sunlight direction, with simple structure and low costs; it can memorize and correct automatically the coordinate position of different time in the process of tracing as well, without manual operation, especially for the cases of complicated weather and nobody guarding.  
 Solar automatic tracking system according to the local latitude and longitude of automatic detection day and night, and the application of solar radiation and brightness of the environment compared to the automatic tracking system makes the accuracy, reliability, in the course of sunny real-time detection to keep the correct time and angle data, due to seasonal changes and eliminate the accumulated error. On cloudy days when the automatic rotation through comparison to the previous sunny location. Even if the weather changes in the complicated circumstances, the system can also work to enhance the efficiency of the utilization of solar energy.

Abstract: the sun follows; the photoelectricity is measured; makes a reservation automatically; One-chip computer,designs