发电机励磁装置移相触发模块设计

电气自动化论文编号:ZD618 论文字数:32568,页数:51，有外文翻译，

 
目 录
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 励磁控制系统的作用  1
1.2.励磁控制系统的发展  2
1.3.论文的研究内容  6
第2章 DSP及其开发系统 8
2.1 DSP的结构特点 8
2.2 DSP芯片的选择 9
第3章 励磁控制器的硬件设计 13
3.1 硬件整体结构 13
3.2 DSP最小系统 14
3.3 同步信号捕获 16
3.4 模拟电量采集 17
3.5 开关量的输入及输出 23
3.6 移相触发脉冲 25
第4章 励磁控制器的软件设计 31
4.1 DSP程序设计特点 31
4.2 软件整体结构 33
4.3 频率检测 34
4.4 数据采集 36
4.5 移相触发脉冲 39
4.6 励磁限制 40
第5章 结 论 43
参 考 文 献 44
致 谢 47

摘 要
 励磁控制器是同步发电机励磁系统的重要组成部分，对于电力系统的安全稳定运行起着十分重要的作用。优良的励磁控制系统不仅可以保证发电机安全可靠运行，为电网提供合格的电能，而且能够有效地改善电力系统静态与暂态稳定性。
 在深入了解国内外励磁控制系统现状和发展趋势的基础上，本文采用新型电机控制专用DSP芯片TMS320F2812，设计了一种“硬件集成度高，软件运算速度快、整体功能强大”的励磁控制器。在硬件设计中，充分利用了TMS320F2812芯片丰富的外设资源，并把具有可靠性高的自适应同步信号捕获模块、多通道交流信号同步采样模块、具有光电耦合器的开关量输入输出模块、基于脉宽调制方式的移相触发脉冲产生模块有机地整合为一体。在软件设计中，遵循结构化、模块化、自顶向下、逐步细化的编程思想，成功地开发了可读性强的频率检测模块、数据采集模块、移相触发脉冲产生模块和各种励磁限制模块，并把它们无缝地嵌入到总体软件框架之中。
 由于采用了新型电机控制专用DSP芯片TMS320F2812，所设计的励磁控制器具有体积小、速度高的特点。利用硬件锁相环电路和六通道16位并行AD转换器件，解决了电机控制中多通道模拟信号同步交流采样问题，有效地保证了计算所得有功功率和功率因数更接近于真实值；利用新型的快速脉冲列触发技术，既可提高触发脉冲陡度又降低了对脉冲变压器的要求；采用模糊PID控制技术，使励磁控制器兼有PID调节和模糊调节两者优点，提高了同步发电机励磁系统的动态性能。同时，DSP最小系统模块具有电平兼容性强的扩展接口，软件采用了模块化设计方法，使励磁控制器能够不断容纳新的功能。试验测试证明：所设计硬、软件配合良好，达到了预期的设计目标。
 
 关键词：励磁控制器，DSP，交流采样，移相触发
 ABSTRACT
 The excitation controller is a significant part of excitation system of synchronous generator，which is important to keep security and stability of power system.Ecellent excitation system can not only ensure the rebliability of generator，the good quality of generators'supply,but also enhance the steady stability and transient stability of power system effectively.
  Based on the actuality and development trend of excitation system in home and aborad,useing new type DSP,TMS320F2812,special for generator controlling,an excitation controller is designed with high integration in hardware,hige speed operation in software,and strong whole function.When designing the hardware,the plenty peripherals of chip TMS320F2812 are used fully.Moreover,the adaptive sync signal capture module with high reliability,the multichannel AC signal synchronized sampling module and the phase shift trigger generator module are conformed to the integration.When designing the software,the program,stryctured,modularized,top–down and refined step by step,is followed.So,the frequency measurement module with high readability,data sampling module,the phase shift trigger generator module and varied excitation limiting modules are designed.And the modules are embedded seamlessly in the macro software frame.
 Based on the new type DSP,TMS320F2812,special for generator controlling,the excitation controller is dedigned with little volume and high speed.In order to solve the problem of multi-channel analog signals synchronized AC sampling in electric machine control,the hardware phase-lock loop and the 16-bit,6-channel,parallel AD convert are presented.So,the calculated value of power and power factor are ensured effectively to be more close to their real.A new technology of rapid pulse train triggering is used to improve the trigger pulse gradient and reduce the requirement of pulse transformers.The fuzzy PID control technique is adapted,so that the excitation controller has the merits of PID adjustment and fuzzy adjustment,and the dynamic performance of excitation system of synchronous generator is improved.Besides,the least system module of DSP has the extend interface which can be compatible to different voltage level,and the software is designed by modular programming,therefore the excitation controller can hold new functions continuously.The test shows that the designed hardware and software can fit well,and the anticipative design objectives are attained.
 Keyword：Excitation controller，DSP，Synchronized AC sampling