基于DSP的变频调速控制系统的设计

电气自动化论文编号:ZD458  论文字数:23131,页数:48，有开题报告，任务书，文献综述

目   录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章  绪论…………………………………………………………………………1
 1.1课题研究的意义…………………………………………………………1
 1.2 交流变频调速技术的发展与现状………………………………………1
 1.2.1电力电子器件与技术的发展……………………………………………2
 1.2.2. 微处理器及计算机技术的发展………………………………………3
 1.2.3 经典控制理论的发展…………………………………………………3
 1.2.4 计算机技术的发展……………………………………………………3
 1.2.5 PWM技术的发展………………………………………………………3
 1.3 交流变频调速的控制策略………………………………………………4
 1.4 本课题的主要研究工作……………………………………………………5
第2章 基于DSP的矢量控制系统的硬件设计………………………………………5
 2.1 异步电动机模型分析的数学基础………………………………………5
 2.1.2 三相/二相变换(3/2变换) ………………………………………6
 2.1.3 二相/二相旋转变换(2s/2r变换) ………………………………7
 2.1.4 三相静止坐标系/任意二相旋转坐标系的变换(3s/2r变换) …7
 2.2 交流感应电机的数学模型………………………………………………11
 2.3 交流感应电机的矢量控制原理………………………………………13
 2.3 小结………………………………………………………………………14
第3章  基于DSP矢量控制系统的硬件设计…………………………………14
 3.1 系统硬件总体框图……………………………………………………15
 3.2主电路及驱动电路设计………………………………………………16
 3.3 数字信号处理器DSP简介………………………………………………17
 3.4 DSP接口电路设计……………………………………………………18
 3.4.1 DSP最小系统……………………………………………………………19
 3.4.2电流、电压A/D检测电路………………………………………………19
 3.4.3 电机转速测量及程序设计………………………………………………20
 3.4.4  保护电路…………………………………………………………………21
 3.5 小结………………………………………………………………………22
第4章  基于DSP的矢量控制系统软件实现………………………………………23
 4.1 DSP软件编程特点…………………………………………………………23
 4.2 系统软件结构与功能……………………………………………………24
 4.3 空间矢量PWM及其实现……………………………………………………24
 4.3.1 空间矢量PWM的原理……………………………………………24
 4.3.2  SVPWM算法的实现………………………………………………28
 4.4 系统初始化程序…………………………………………………………29
 4.5 主程序……………………………………………………………………30
 4.6 PWM中断程序………………………………………………………………31
 4.7电流电压的采样和速度PID控制程序…………………………………32
 4.8 串行口中断服务程序……………………………………………………33
 4.9 小结………………………………………………………………………34
第5章  系统调试及仿真…………………………………………………………35
 5.1 矢量控制系统的仿真模型………………………………………………35
 5.2异步电机仿真模型……………………………………………………35
 5.3三相／两相变换及旋转变换………………………………………37
 5.4扇区计算…………………………………………………………………37
 5.5  空间矢量变换中X、Y、Z计算模型及PWM波的产生………………37
 5.6  SVPWM中t1、t2计算模型………………………………………38
 5.7 仿真结果及波形………………………………………………………38
 5.8 小结……………………………………………………………………39
结束语……………………………………………………………………40
参考文献……………………………………………………………………………41
致谢…………………………………………………………………………………42

摘  要:随着半导体业的快速发展，特别是数字信号处理器的出现，以及精确的异步电机模型和各种先进的控制策略的提出，很大的促进了电机控制的发展，使得精度高、调速范围宽、控制性能好的电机控制器的实现成为可能。矢量控制作为一种先进的控制策略，是在电机统一理论、机电能量转换和坐标变换理论的基础上发展起来的，具有先进性、新颖性和实用性的特点。其思想就是将异步电动机的模型通过坐标变化，使之成直流电动机模型，将定子电流矢量分解为按转子磁场定向的两个直流分量并分别加以控制，从而实现磁通和转矩的解藕控制，以期达到直流电机的控制效果。
 本课题应用矢量控制的原理，以电机控制专用的DSP芯片TMS320F240为核心，开发出一套基于矢量控制的变频调速系统。文中对整个系统的硬件电路和驱动软件的实现都作了详细的介绍，同时采用了一种新型的PWM调制方法一电压空间矢量法(SVPWM)来实现对异步电机的控制，提高了能量的利用效率。经实践证明，基于DSP芯片的矢量控制变频调速系统性能优良，运行稳定，抗干扰能力强，电机运行噪音小，不失为一套具有先进型、新颖性、实用性的控制系统。
关键词:矢量控制，变频调速，数字信号处理器(DSP)，电压空间矢量法(SVPWM)

Abstract: With the fast development of the semiconductor industry, especially the appearance of the digital signal processor, and accurate asynchronous electrical machinery model and proposition of different advanced control strategy, heavy promotion development that electrical machinery control very, make precision to be high, range wide to transfer speed, control of good performance electrical machinery realization of controller become possible. Vector control as one advanced control strategy, to unify theory , electromechanical energy change with coordinate varying foundation of theory develop in electrical machinery, have the characteristics of advance , emergent novelty and practicability. Its thought is to change the model of the asynchronous motor through the coordinate, make it become direct current motor model, divided the electric current vector of the stator into according to the weight of two pieces of direct current with directional magnetic field of the rotor and controls, realize magnetism coherent and torque solve lotus root control , in the hope of the control result of the direct current reaching machine.
This subject uses the principle that the vector controls, control special-purpose DSP chip TMS320F240 as the core with the electrical machinery, develop one transfer speed to be systematic on the basis of frequency conversion that vector control. Urge realization of software make detailed introduction to whole hardware circuit of system in the article, adopt one new-type PWM modulate method one voltage space vector law (SVPWM ) is it realize control on asynchronous electrical machinery to come at the same time, have improved the utilization efficiency of energy . Proved by practice, the vector based on DSP chip controls frequency conversion and adjusts the speed systematically and of good performance, running steadily, anti-interference ability is strong, it is with low noises that the electrical machinery runs , can yet be regarded as a set of control systems with advanced type , emergent novelty , practicability.
Keyword: The vector is controlled；frequency conversion adjusts the speed；the digital signal processor (DSP )；space vector law of the voltage (SVPWM)。