旅客列车自动报站多媒体系统

电子机电论文编号:JD1012  论文字数:21448,页数:54

目 录
 第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 列车报站系统的背景及意义 1
1.2 列车报站系统的发展现状及展望 3
1.3 论文的主要内容 5
 第2章 列车报站系统设计方案 6
2.1 系统方案的确定 6
 第3章 硬件电路设计 8
3.1 单片机系统的设计 8
 3.1.1 单片机的选择 8
 3.1.2 AT89C51内部定时器/计数器 11
3.2 AT89C51单片机系统硬件设计 12
 3.2.1 时钟及复位电路设计 12
 3.2.2 电源电路的设计 13
3.3 里程信号采集电路的设计 14
 3.3.1 传感器的概述 14
 3.3.2 速度传感器的选择及电路设计 14
 3.3.3 位置传感器的选择及电路设计 19
3.4 语音电路的设计 20
 3.4.1 语音芯片电路的选择及设计 20
3.5 显示电路的设计 24
 3.5.1 液晶显示概述 24
 3.5.2 液晶显示器的选择及电路设计 25
3.6 通信接口电路的设计 27
 第4章 系统软件设计 30
4.1 单片机系统软件设计 30
4.2 列车行驶里程的检测程序设计 32
4.3 AT89C51的串行通信程序设计 32
4.4 显示系统程序设计 34
4.5 语音播报系统程序设计 35
 第5章 结论 36
 参考文献 37
 致 谢 39
 附 录Ⅰ 原理图 40
 附 录Ⅱ 程序 49 

摘 要
 人们在乘坐火车旅行过程中，为了防止坐过站，十分关心列车的前方到站情况。尤其是夜间行车时，列车播音室停止播音，有的旅客直接向列车员询问到站情况，列车到站时列车员才报站名等情况，给旅客出行带来诸多不便。为使旅客能及时了解列车目前的行驶情况及前方到站的到开时间等信息，本论文设计了一种自动报站多媒体系统，它能全天候自动通报站名、显示列车运行情况，不报站时可播放录像，歌曲及广告等多媒体信息。在列车将要到达车站前以声图并茂的方式自动介绍各个站点的著名旅游景点、交通和住宿情况，为旅客创造了愉快、丰富多彩的旅行生活，改善了乘车环境，提高了旅客列车的服务质量和水平，也将为铁路运输带来更好的经济效益。
 本论文在分析我国旅客列车报站信息实际需求的基础上，比较国内外的现状，依托当前电子技术的发展，提出了一种旅客列车自动报站多媒体系统的实施方案。通过方案论证，确定了以下设计内容：
 该系统整体是主从分布式系统。下位机由AT89C51单片机系统组成，霍尔传感器检测列车行驶里程，单片机进行脉冲计数处理后，通过RS—232串行通信接口发送到上位机。上位机为PC机，负责列车行驶信息的显示及到站音视频信息的自动播放，通过访问车次信息数据库，完成多媒体自动报站任务。通过对系统装置的调试表明，本论文研制的旅客列车自动报站多媒体系统能够满足旅客在乘车过程中对列车行驶信息的需求，具有良好的实用价值和应用前景。
 
 
 关键词：单片机；位置传感器；速度传感器；数据库
 
 
Abstract
 People in the course of taking train travel, in order to prevent missing the station, care the front destination situation of train very much. Especially at night, the train goes off the air. Some of the passengers inquire train attendant the situation of the destination directly, or the train attendant just offers the name of station when the train gets to the station. These things bring a great deal of inconvenience to passengers. In order to enable passengers to understand in time the present situation of train going and the reaching and leaving time of the front station, it has been designed in the thesis that a multimedia system of the train station reporting automatically. It can tell us the name of the front station, show the train running situation automatically from instant to instant.  It can broadcast such information of the multimedia as video, the song and advertisement, etc. when there is not station reporting, and introduce famous scenic spot, traffic and accommodation situation of each station automatically in luxuriant way of video and audio before the train will reach the station. It creates happy, rich and colorful traveling life for passengers, improves the environment and improves the service quality and level of the train.  It will bring better economic benefits to railway transportation, too.
 On the basis of analyzing actual demand of the train station reporting in our country,  comparing domestic and international current situation, relying on the development of present electronic technology, it has been proposed that the research scheme of the multimedia system of a kind of passenger train station reporting automatically. Through scheme demonstration, the content has been confirmed as following:
 In general, it is a distributed system. The slave computer is made up of AT89C51 MCU system. Hall sensor measures the distance traveled of the train. The MCU carries on the pulse counts, and then sends the control signal to the master computer through the serial communication interface of RS232. The master computer is PC with windows operating system. It is responsible for display of train running information and broadcast video and audio automatically. It finishes multimedia station reporting automatically by accessing database.
 Key words：MUC；position sensor；speed sensor；data base