交通灯定时控制系统

电子机电论文编号:JD970   论文字数:24837,页数:47

目录
摘  要 1
Abstract 2
引言 3
一． 交通信号灯硬件电路的设计 5
1.1交通信号灯的作用及工作原理： 6
1.2设计要求 6
1.3 设计方法 7
二． 系统组成 7
2.1 控制要求 7
2.2 硬件控制线路图 7
2.3 工作原理 8
2.4 器件和原理 8
2.4.1.什么是单片机 8
2.4.2 什么是单片机系统 11
2.4.3 单片机系统的应用 12
2.5 部分电路功能 13
三、交通信号灯软件的系统编程 20
3.1单片机的C语言程序设计 20
3.2  C语言与MCS—51 20
3.3 利用C51程序编写延时程序 22
3.4 信号灯亮灭的定时功能 22
3.5 51单片机的中断系统 25
3.6  数码管显示程序功能 28
3.7 软件流程图 29
四、系统的组装与调试 29
4.1制板 29
4.2 组装及调试 30
五．总结 35
谢  辞 37
参考文献 38
附  录 39
附录二：中断服务流程图 40
附录三：主程序代码 41

摘  要

 根据8051单片机的特点及交通灯在实际控制中的特点，本文提出一种用单片机自动控制交通灯及时间显示的方法。同时给出了软硬件设计方法,设计过程包括硬件电路设计和程序设计两大步骤，对在单片机应用中可能遇到的重要技术问题都有涉足。本文对十字路口状态预设为两种，一种是正常状态，另一种是故障或紧急状态，并分别用黄、红、绿色灯的不同组合来表示。本文介绍了控制基本原理以及控制的表现，同时也介绍了城市交通信息系统的设计目标, 开发途径及其系统结构与功能和数据地理编码、建库, 同时, 论述了系统中交通现状、交通管理、交通规划及背景信息查询模块的建造及应用。介绍了用于城市交叉路口的三色程控交通信号时间显示器的研制方案，对其电源供电、发光二极管构成的负载结构、灯色时间检测都给出了精巧合理的优化结构，大幅度地提高了产品可靠性并降低了制造成本。
关键词：8051单片机；交通灯；自动控制；时间显示器；软件；硬件；定时器；延时；外部中断

Abstract

 According to the feature of  SCM8051 and the characteristics of traffic lights in real control,the article puts forward the method of using sigle-chip microcomputer to control automatically the traffic signal lights and time-show.The method of realization of hardware has also been given,the whole process included hardware circuit designing and program designing,in which some important technique problem that may meet during the use of Singlechip involved.In this paper，the state of crossing was designed as two states.One is normal,another breackdown or urgent,which are expressed with different colour lamp named yellow、red and green.The basic principle and method of controlling are introduced.In this paper, the design goals, development ways, system structure, system functions, geographic codes and data base of the Urban Traffic Information System (U T IS) were presented. Furthermore, the development and the application tests of the traffic situation model, the
traffic management model, the traffic plan model and the background information inquirement model of U T IS were discussed.This paper introduces the development scheme of three-colour programmable traffic signal time indicator used in the level-crossing of our city,and gives its power supply,load construction made by LED and time detection of traffic lamp colour a reasonable optimize structure.The reliability of Product is substantially
improved while the cost is reduced.

Key Words:SCM8051；traffic lights；automatic control；time indicator；hardwore；softwore  timer；delay；external interrupt