基于单片机的简易智能小车设计

电子机电论文编号:JD859 附开题报告,任务书,外文翻译,论文字数:11383,页数:34

摘要 
目次  Ⅲ
1绪论  1
1.1 课题现状、发展趋势和意义  1
1.1.1 课题现状、发展趋势  1
1.1.2 课题的意义  1
1.2 设计原理、思想及方案  1
1.3本章小结  2
2系统硬件电路设计  3
2.1 单片机最小系统设计  3
2.1.1 外部晶振电路设计  5
2.1.2 复位电路设计  5
2.2 距离测量电路的设计  6
2.2.1 超声波发射电路的设计  6
2.2.2 超声波接收电路的设计  11
2.3 小车控制电路的设计  13
2.4电源电路的设计  14
2.5本章小结  15
3 软件系统设计  16
3.1 软件系统总体方案的选择  16
3.2超声波发射流程图的设计  17
3.3超声波接收子流程图的设计  19
3.4本章小结  21
4 系统调试  22
4.1软件系统仿真  22
4.2硬件仿真调试结果  22
4.3软硬件仿真调试结果  24
4.4本章小结  25
5 结论  26
参考文献  26
致谢  26
附录1 整体电路图  27
附录2 源程序  27
附录3 电路PCB图  31

摘要：智能控制是在设定的模式下自动的运作，不需要人为的管理，可应用于科学勘探等等的用途。基于单片机的简易智能小车就是其中的一个体现。
基于单片机的简易智能小车系统通过超声波测距能自动避让障碍物。设计通过软、硬件结合的方式，利用AT89C51单片机通过软件产生40KHZ的脉冲信号并将其运用硬件转换成超声波进行发射。当超声波遇到障碍物返回，经过超声波接收器接收此返回信号送至AT89C51，通过单片机进行距离判断。如果小车进入危险距离，则控制小车避让障碍物，使小车不与障碍物相撞。
设计结果比较理想，小车能较为准确的在到达危险距离时对障碍物进行避让。此技术可以运用到汽车制造业中，使汽车具有更高的安全性能。
关键词：智能；超声波；AT89C51

The Design of simple smart car based on SCM

Abstract: Intelligent control can be run automatically in a pre-set environment without human management. It can be applied in the use of scientific exploration. Based on the simple single-chip smart car is one embodiment.
Based on single-chip smart car simple ultrasonic ranging system can automatically avoid obstacles. The system was designed by combining the software and hardware. The 40KHz Pulse signal was generated by software in the single-chip microcomputer AT89C51. Then the pulse signal was converted into ultrasonic wave and launched by hardware.The ultrasonic wave would return when it met the obstacle.The return signal was received by AT89C51. Then the distance was judged by single-chip microcomputer. If the car was in dangerous range, it would be controlled to avoid obstacle.
The design result is quite ideal. The car can avoid obstacles accurate in the dangerous distance. This technology can be applied to the automotive industry so that the car will be more safety.
Key words: Intelligent; Ultrasonic wave; AT89C51