基于单片机AT89S52的超声波测距仪的研制

电子机电论文编号:JD601  论文字数:15240,页数:46 有原理图，及PCB文件

目录

1 绪论 1
1.1 超声波测距技术概述 1
1.2 国内外研究状况 2
1.3 文章构成及设计内容 2
2  总体设计方案 4
2.1 超声测距 4
2.2 测距原理 4
2.3 设计要求和方案确定 6
3 系统理论分析与技术实现 9
3.1 超声波频率选择理论 9
4 系统硬件设计 11
4.1  超声波发射电路 11
4.2  超声波接收及回波检测电路 14
4.3 单片机系统及显示 16
5 系统调试及软件设计 26
5.1 硬件调试 26
5.2 软件调试 26
6系统测试 32
6.1 数据测量及分析 32
6.2 误差分析 33
7 结论展望 34
7.1 结束语 34
8 致谢 35
附录A 超声波测距仪系统电路图 36
附录B 超声波测距仪系统实物图 37
附录C 全部程序清单 38

摘要

利用超声波测量距离是一种有效的非接触式测距方法。首先简要介绍了利用51 系列单片机设计测距仪的原理: 单片机发出的超声波, 通过换能器发射出去,遇到被测物体后反射回来, 利用锁相环将此反射回来的信号锁定, 计算此超声波从发射出到接受的时间差从而得出被测物体到测距仪的距离。然后, 详细介绍了各部分电路的工作原理。电路主要由发射电路，接收电路和显示电路几部分组成。本系统利用超声波传感器实现无接触式空气测距, 并充分考虑到测量环境温度对超声波传递速度的影响. 主要论述了在测量中存在超声波的传播速度随着温度的变化和其它干扰信号对测量的影响问题, 对这些存在的问题提出了解决的方法。文章详细叙述了系统的硬件设计,并给出了系统软件设计程序流程图.对该系统进行的实验, 验证了本文提出的方法的正确性和有效性, 并能够达到较高的测量精度。该超声波测距仪具有集成度高、反应速度快、测量精度高、性能价格比高等特点。

关键词: AT89S52单片机; 测距系统;超声波；温度补偿；接收；发射

RESEARCH AND DESIGN OF ULTRASONIC RANGE FINDER BASED ON AT89S52 SINGLE-CHIP

ABSTRACT

At first, this paper introduces the principle of distance-measuring-device which is designed with the single chip processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target .Then this paper expatiates the working principle of all the parts of the circuit. The system with a ultrasonic sensor realize no contacted, air distance, measurement and it considers fully of the effect which is caused by the different speed with the different temperature. And mainly discusses that there is the propagating speed of the ultrasonic wave varying with temperature, and that there are some other interference signals influencing the distance-measurement in the measurement. Here, put forward the solutions for the problems. It describes the hardware design of the system in detail, and provides the procedural flow chart of software design .The test results demonstrate the validity of all the methods proposed in this dissertation, and the test show that this intelligent ultrasonic meter has high accuracy. The ultrasonic range finder is of high integration ,high2speed reaction ,high measure precision ,and high rate of performance and price.

Key words： AT89S52 Single-chip; stance measuring system；ultrasonic wave；Temperature repairing；eradiate ; receive