自动门控制系统设计

电子机电论文编号:JD546 附外文翻译,原理图,PCB,论文字数:21158,页数:46

目    录

引  言 1
1  绪 论 2
1.1 研究的可行性 2
1.2 研究的意义和目的 2
1.3 自动门控制系统的功能概述 2
1.4 主要设计任务 3
2  方案设计 4
2.1 系统方案的确定 4
2.2 系统组成 5
3  系统硬件电路设计 8
3.1 设计使用的基本知识介绍 8
3.2 芯片介绍及相关电路模块设计 9
3.2.1单片机AT89C51概况 9
3.2.2红外线接收电路 11
3.2.2电机驱动电路 16
3.2.48279显示及键盘扫描电路 17
3.2.5门限电路 19
3.2.6LED点阵显示模块 20
3.2.7LCD 液晶显示器 24
3.3 总体设计原理图 25
4  系统软件设计 26
4.1 单片机编程 26
4.1.1软件部分设计的功能 26
4.1.2控制系统主程序 28
4.2 AT89C51的定时/计数器介绍 28
5  系统制作及调试 30
5.1 系统PCB板的设计 30
5.1.1确定PCB的大小 31
5.1.2布局 31
5.1.3布线 31
5.2 硬件调试 31
5.2.1检测元器件 32
5.2.2检测各个引脚信号 32
5.3 软件调试 32
6  结论 32
谢  辞 34
参考文献 35
附  录1 源程序  36
附  录2 原理图  41
附  录3 PCB    42

摘  要
随着社会的发展、科技的进步以及人们生活水平的逐步提高，各种方便生活的自动控制系统进入了人们的生活，以单片机为核心的自动门控制系统就是其中之一，也标志自动控制领域成为了数字化时代的一员。该自动门控制系统具有实用性强，功能齐全，技术先进的特点，它的广泛应用代表着科技进步的实用成果。并且它让人类懂得，数字时代的发展将改变人类的生活，加快科学技术的发展。
本设计的主要内容包括：首先进行方案设计，然后设计了系统硬件电路和相应的系统软件，最后研制了自动门控制系统的原理样板和设计功能验证。该系统用红外线传感器对进入感应区域的移动物体进行实时检测，当移动物体进入感应区域时,红外线传感器接收到的信号经过模数转换变成数字信号并发送到单片机，单片机输出指令控制电机的转动，然后电机带动传动机构使门开启，当感应到人已不在感应区域时关门。
本论文着重阐述了以单片机为主体，LED点阵显示芯片及直流电机为核心的自动控制系统。该系统主要应用AT89C51作为控制核心，LED点阵显示芯片、直流电机、红外线传感器相结合的组成结构，充分发挥了单片机的性能。其优点是硬件电路简单，软件功能完善，控制系统可靠，性价比较高等，具有一定的使用和参考价值。
对原理样机的调试结果表明，所完成的设计实现了设计任务规定的基本功能，在完成设计任务的基础上我还加了个电子密码锁，使自动门控制系统能在规定的时间内实行限制管理。

关键词:  单片机  自动门控制   A/D模数转换  红外线传感器 

Abstract
Progress of with the development of society , science and technology and gradual improvement of people's living standard, various kinds of help automatic control system in life has entered people's life, the system of automatically-controlled door taking one-chip computer as the core is one of them. Indicate too that the automatic controlled field became a member in digitized era at the same time.The system of automatically-controlled door with the utility strong, functional, technologically advanced features, and its wide application represent practical results of scientific and technological progress . It lets the mankind understand even more, the development in digital era will change human life, will quicken the development of science and technology.
The main elements of the design include : first programme design, and then design a system of hardware circuits and the corresponding software, and finally developed the theory model of the system of automatically-controlled door automatic door control system and design functional certification. The system used infrared sensors to access sensitive region for real-time monitoring of mobile objects, when mobile objects into sensory regions, infrared sensors to receive signals through module conversion into digital signals it sent to one-chip computer, one-chip computer export orders of the electrical control equipment, electrical-transmission agencies and then opened the doors, When people are no longer sensitive to the sensory region closed.
This paper rely mainly on one-chip computer to explain emphatically, LED lattice show chip and direct current machine central systems. It use AT89C51 as core of controlling , LED lattice show chip , direct current machine , Infrared sensors , that device combine together mainly to design originally. Give full play to the performance of the one-chip computer. Its advantage hardware circuit is simple, the software is with perfect function, the control system is reliable , higher characteristic of the sex price, have certain use and reference value.
On principles prototype debugging showed that the design of the completed design of the basic functions of the mandate, in the completion of the design task basis I also added an electronic password lock, it make that the system of automatically-controlled door can enable controlled in the given time-frame restrictions

Key words:   One-chip computer  The automatically-controlled door controlling          A/D modulus changing     Infrared sensors