信用证方式下出口商面临的风险及防范探析

国际贸易论文编号:GM168   论文字数:10485,页数:14

目   录
1  信用证概述

  1.1 信用证的含义及种类...........................................(01）

 1.2 信用证的特点.................................................（02)

 1.3 信用证的流通程序.............................................（02)

 2信用证方式下出口商面临的风险.....................................(03)

 2.1 信用证欺诈所产生的风险.......................................（04）

 2.2 被银行拒付的风险..............................................(07）

  2.3 开证申请人和开证行丧失支付能力的风险........................（07）

3  信用证方式下出口商应对风险的措施................................(08)

 3.1 应对信用证欺诈的措施.........................................（08）

  3.2 应对被银行拒付及开证申请人和开证行丧失支付能力的风险的措施..（09）

  3.3 应对信用证各种风险的战略性措施..............................（11)

参考文献..........................................................（13）

致谢...............................................................(14)

摘   要
      信用证在本质上是银行有条件保证付款的证书，是现代国际贸易中重要的支付工具和融资工具。而作为一种支付工具和融资工具，信用证方式本身并未消除国际贸易业务中风险的各种成因，同时由于信用证交易的复杂性以及信用证制度本身只关注单证相符而不去考虑其它因素的特点，导致使用信用证的风险加大。信用证风险存在将会极大破坏正常的国际贸易秩序，对世界各国以及我国对外贸易产生严重的损害。所以本文通过对信用证方式本身运作的特征及信用证风险的成因、种类和方式的研究，旨在促进我国出口商在贸易实务中有效防范信用证风险。对我国出口商来讲，在信用证业务的开展中应当严格遵循信用证的交易原则，规范信用证操作，熟知信用证风险的种类方式，进而采取有效的防范措施，遏制信用证风险的发生。

【关键词】信用证结算  信用证欺诈  信用证拒付  风险预测

Abstract

Letter of credit in essence is a kind of certificate that the bank swears to pay a sum of money conditionally, and is an important payment method  and financing implement in the modern international trade. But as one kind of means of payment and the financing implement, Letter of credit itself does not remove various elements that cause risk of trading in the international trade business. At the same time, because letter of credit system shows solicitude only for the conformity between certificates and documents, the risk leading to the usage letter of credit is enlarged. The existence of the risk in using Letter of credit will do great harms to the regular international trade order, and at the same time bring damage to foreign trade of our country and other countries in the world. Therefore this thesis focuses on discussing the cause and the types of the risk of using Letter of credit, and the characteristics of operation of Letter of credit in practice. This thesis aims at finding out an effect way that the exporters can take to keep watch letter of credit risk in actual trade affair. For exporters, they ought to abide by principles strictly when using Letter of credit as payment method, and regulate the operation of Letter of credit, and get familiar with the varieties of the risk in using Letter of credit so that the exporters can adopt effective measures to keep the risk within limits.

【key words】Letter of credit;  The defraud of Letter of credit;  The
dishonor of Letter of credit;  Risk prediction