化工论文编号:HG205  论文字数:11265,页数:23

 目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
1. 绪 论 1
1.1  山药的种类及其在我国的分布 1
1.2  山药的主要化学成分 1
1.2.1  黏蛋白 1
1.2.2  氨基酸等活性物质 1
1.2.3  尿囊素 2
1.2.4  淀粉 2
1.2.5  脂肪酸 2
1.2.6  微量和常量元素 2
1.2.7  山药多糖 2
1.3  山药的药理作用 2
1.3.1  调节免疫作用 2
1.3.2  调节脾胃功能 3
1.3.3  抗衰老作用 3
1.3.4  抗肿瘤作用 3
1.3.5  抗突变作用 3
1.3.6  降血糖作用 3
1.4  山药多糖的提取方法 4
1.4.1  水提法 4
1.4.2  CTAB沉淀法 4
1.4.3  离子交换吸附法 5
1.4.4  微波超声辅助法 5
1.4.5  酶法 5
1.5  山药多糖的检测 5
1.6  山药有效成分的优化方法 6
1.6.1  正交实验法 6
1.6.2  响应面法 6
1.7  山药的发展前景 6
1.7.1  国内市场 6
1.7.2  国外市场 6
1.7.3  山药的深加工 7
2. 实验部分 8
2.1  原料、试剂及仪器 8
2.2  实验步骤 8
2.2.1  山药饮片的预处理 8
2.2.2  山药多糖的提取 8
2.2.3  苯酚－硫酸法测定葡萄糖含量 9
3. 实验结果与讨论 10
3.1  标准曲线的绘制 10
3.1.1  山药多糖波长扫描曲线 10
3.1.2  葡萄糖标准曲线 10
3.2  单因素考察 11
3.2.1  预处理时间对收率的影响 11
3.2.2  提取时间对收率的影响 11
3.2.3  提取温度对收率的影响 12
3.2.4  物水比对收率的影响 13
3.2.5  提取次数对收率的影响 13
3.2.6  单因素最佳条件的实验 14
3.2.7  回收溶剂在最佳条件的实验 14
3.3  正交设计 15
3.4  正交结果与分析 15
4. 总结与展望 17
致  谢 18
参考文献 19

摘 要：本文对山药多糖提取工艺进行优化，得出较佳提取条件，应用于山药多糖的提取。实验以山药多糖收率为指标，对山药预处理时间，提取过程中提取温度、提取时间、物水质量比及提取次数，重复性，回收溶剂再利用等因素进行了单因素考察，最后用正交法分析实验结果。实验结果表明：山药多糖的较优提取工艺为预处理时间2+2h，提取时间2h，提取温度60℃，物水比1:20，提取次数1次；提取操作重复性好，溶剂回收再利用可行。通过正交设计得出较佳条件为：提取温度65℃，提取时间2.5h，物水比1:25。
 关键词：山药多糖；提取工艺；收率；溶剂回收；正交设计

Abstract: The optimization experiment of active polysaccharide extraction of Chinese yam was carried out and the optimal extraction condition was determined, and accordingly to be used in extracting of Chinese yam polysaccharide in this articles. The experiment of yam polysaccharide yield as an index for yam pretreatment time was studied, extraction temperature, extraction time, material-water mass ratio and extraction times, repeatability, recovery and reuse of solvent and other factors in the extraction process were studied, finally the experimental results were analysied by orthogonal. The results showed that the better pre-processing time for yam polysaccharide extraction was 2+2h, extraction time was 2h, extraction temperature was
60℃, material-water ratio was 1:20, extraction times was 1; repeatability for extraction operation was good, recycling solvents were feasible. The better conditions are obtained by orthogonal design as follows: extraction temperature 65 ℃, extraction time 2.5 hours and material-water mass ratio 1:25.
 Key words: Yam polysaccharide; Extraction process; Yield; Solvent recovery; Orthogonal design