合成氨系统工艺设计及计算

化工论文编号:HG146  论文字数:18378,页数:64

目  录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目录 III
1 绪论 1
  1.1 概述 1
  1.2 文献综述 2
  1.3 设计任务的依据 4
  1.4 贮运情况 4
2 生产流程与生产流程简述 6
  2.1 合成氨生产工艺 6
  2.2 合成氨生产流程简述 8
3 工艺计算书 11
  3.1 总气体消耗量计算 11
  3.2 合成工段物料与热量衡算 14
  3.3 主要设备的工艺计算 21
4 环保与安全措施 47
  4.1 环保措施 47
  4.2 安全问题与措施 48
5 总结与展望 52
致谢 53
参考文献 54

摘要：合成氨是重要的化工产品，在国民经济中具有十分重要的意义。合成氨工艺是最典型的化工生产工艺之一，它集原料前处理、反应、传热、传质、分离、产品后处理等为一体，设备多，流程长而复杂。合成氨还是一个消耗原料、燃料和动力很大的化工产品。从七十年代能源危机自今，能源供应紧张，价格越来越高，同时世界各国对环境保护的要求也越来越高，严峻的形势迫使合成氨生产企业实施节能降耗技术改造。
 本文综合物理化学、化工原理、反应工程、分离工程等学科相关内容，针对合成氨固有的流程做出全装置物料衡算和能量衡算。并对装置中各体系进行了热力学物性计算、相平衡计算。在计算的基础上对合成工段的一些装置进行了选型。
关键词: 合成氨；物料衡算；能量衡算

Abstract: Ammonia is an important chemical product and it plays a significant role in the national economy.  The process of ammonia synthesis is a typical chemical engineering technology, which includes material treatment, chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer, and product post-treatment.  The process is complex with many types of equipment.  Furthermore, the production of ammonia consumes a lot of raw materials, fuel and power.  Since the energy resource crisis in 1970’, people have faced problems of both lack of energy supply and its higher and higher price.  Meanwhile, the nations in the world have made more restrict requirements to environment protection.  All these rigorous situations force the ammonia producers to develop technical innovation for energy saving.
 In this paper, we did mass and energy balances for whole equipments by utilizing the knowledge of physical chemistry, chemical engineering, separation engineering, numerical analysis and computer technology.  Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium of each system was calculated.  The selection of the equipments was confirmed based on the calculation.
Key words: Synthetic ammonia; Mass balance; Energy balance