提升机减速器故障诊断分析

机械论文编号:JX309 所有图纸,论文字数:34437.页数:88
目录

目录 ..................................................................1
第一章绪论 ...........................................................3
1．1   本课题研究的意义............................................... 3
1．2   本论文主要研究的内容........................................... 4
1．3   矿井提升设备简介............................................... 4
1．4   矿井提升机减速器............................................... 6
1．5   机器设备故障诊断技术现状及以后的发展动向 .......................8
1．6    机械故障故障诊断信息的采集.................................... 11
第二章机器或系统的监测中的重要组成部分---传感器...................... 12
2．1   传感器概述 .....................................................13
2．2   传感器构成 .....................................................14
2．3   在提升机减速器中选用的传感器介绍： .............................16
2．3．1、铂电阻温度传感器 .............................................16
2．3．2   热电偶温度传感器............................................ 17
2．3．3   压电式加速度传感器.......................................... 19
2．3．4   内装IC压电式加速度传感器：.................................. 21
2．3．5   压力传感器（流量计专用压力传感器）示意图：................. 26
第三章模拟软件labview ................................................29
3．1   labview 概述................................................... 29
第四章   提升机减速器故障机理的研究 ...................................32
4．1   提升机减速器常见的故障机理 .....................................32
4.1.1   齿面磨损 ......................................................33
4.1.2  齿轮点蚀与剥落原因分析......................................... 34
4．1．3轴承故障及解决方案一览表 .......................................35
第五章   提升机减速器的故障监测 .......................................37
5．1 减速器振动故障概述............................................... 37
5．2  应用振动检测与故障诊断的方法分类................................ 37
5．2．1、时域法 .......................................................37
5．2．2、频域法 .......................................................38
5．2．3、倒频谱分析 ...................................................38
5．2．4、包络分析..................................................... 39
5．2．5、高阶统计参数法................................................39
5．2．6、平稳循环变量法 ...............................................40
5．2．7、小波分析方法................................................. 41
5．2．8、神经网络方法................................................. 43
5．3     矿井提升机减速箱故障机理研究 .................................44
5．3．1  提升机减速器齿轮传动的动力学分析 .............................44
5．3．2矿井提升机减速箱信号处理方法研究 ...............................48
5．3．3提升机齿轮箱实测振动信号分析................................... 49
5．3．4   减速箱labview模拟的实现 .....................................52
5．4 倒频谱法在齿轮减速箱的噪声分析 ...................................52
5．4．1齿轮变速箱产生振动的噪声的机理................................. 52
5．4．2  倒频谱分析方法原理........................................... 53
5．4．3   反射回声的分析与剔除........................................ 53
5．5裂纹齿频谱分析的应用 ..............................................55
5．5．1 裂纹齿频谱分析原理 ............................................56
5．5．2  信号分析和故障诊断 ...........................................58
5．6滚动轴承的监测技术与失效根本原因分析.............................. 60
5．6．1  不同监测技术对轴承失效形式的适用性 ...........................60
5．6．2  不同监测技术在轴承寿命周期中的适用性......................... 61
5．6．3  加速度包络解调技术的处理减速器轴承的原理..................... 63
5．6．4  滚动轴承振动的周期平稳性分析..................................65
5．6．5   轴承疲劳寿命监测............................................ 70
5．7  温度及压力的模拟软件的实现（labview） ...........................80
附  录 ................................................................83
总  结 ................................................................85
参考文献.............................................................. 86

摘   要

     随着煤炭工业的发展，矿山机械的安全运行也变得越来越重要，对矿山设备的安全监测受到了人们的广泛重视。在现如今，矿山安全越来越受到国家的重视，安全是本质，因为在矿山机械中的不安全因素的复杂性和多样性逐渐也随之一而来，还有人机、环境系统系统信息的复杂性。对现代的多学科、多领域的技术和理论更有了进一步要求。在安全技术中引入各学科的新成果，是现代安全技术发展的必经之路。机械的故障诊断学科现阶段已具有了理论完善、实践成熟的特点，在工业上也得到了广泛的应用，把它引入到矿山机械的安全技术中必将促进安全工业的质量和体质。矿山提升机是矿山产的重要设备，而提升机减速器是其重要的组成部件之一，对其进行监测具有非常重要的意义。本次论文对提升机减速器的故障的原因、类型、特性进行了分析，并采用了振动监测的方法对提升机减速器的运行过程进行了监测。利用频谱、倒频谱、包络法等进行了分析。并对轴承的监测技术和失效原因进行了分析，利用振动监测分析了轴承的平衡性和疲劳寿命等。并分析了几种轴承的几个测点的振动分析，还利用了温度测量法对轴承进行了监测。
本次还在原有的故障诊断系统的基础上，结合了图形的虚拟仪器语言LabVIEW开发了相关的连续波形，并用于了提升机减速器的齿轮故障、轴承故障、润滑油的润滑系统的压力等。
关键词：振动 LabVIEW 诊断 磨损 噪声 频谱 监测

 ABSTRACT

Along with the development of coal industry, mineral mountain machine of safety the movement also becomes more and more important, being subjected to people's extensive value to the safe monitor of mineral mountain equipments.Now now, the mineral mountain safety is more and more valued by the nation, the safety is an essence, because of in complexity and diverse sex of[with] the mineral mountain insecurity factor within machine gradually also immediately a since then, return the complexity of someone's machine, the system information of the environment system.To many academicses of the modern, many technique and theories of realm had a further request more.Leading a new result of going into each academics in the safe technique is the only route that the modern and safe technique develops.Machine of breaking down and diagnosing the academics has already had theories currently perfect, practice mature of characteristics, also got an extensive application on the industry, lead it into mineral mountain the safe technique of the machine in will promote necessarily safety industry of the quality and the physical endowment.Mineral mountain's promoting machine's ising the important equipments that the mineral mountain produces, but promoting machine deceleration a machine is it constitutes one of the partses importantly, as to it's carrying on a monitor to have count for much meaning.This thesis carried on analysis to the reason, type, characteristic of the breakdown which promotes machine deceleration a machine, and adopted the method of[with] vibration monitor to carry on a monitor to the movement process which promotes machine deceleration a machine.Make use of a frequency chart, pour a frequency chart and wrapped 络 method's etc. to carry on analysis.And carried on analysis to monitor technique and expired reason of bearings, made use of a vibration monitor to analyze balance and tired life span etc. of bearings.Combine analytical several vibrations which measure a point of a few bearingses are analytical, also making use of temperature diagraph a method to carry on a monitor to the bearings.
This time still at original of break down foundation of diagnosing the system up, the virtual instrument language LabVIEW which combines sketch developed related continuous wave a form, counteracting in promote the breakdown, pressure etc. of the lubrication system of lubricant of the wheel gear breakdown, bearings that the machine decelerates a machine.
Keyword: Vibrating  the LabVIEW   Diagnosis  Wear away  Voice  Frequency chart
Monitor