虾下脚料制备多功能叶面肥的研究

食品科学论文编号:SP032  本论文字数:12168,页数:25

目    录

1.前言  I
1.1 植物需要的营养素 1
1.2 叶面肥的种类 1
1.2.1  氮基酸加营养素型 1
1.2.2  植物生长调节剂加元素型 1
1.2.3  无机营养型 1
1.2.4  腐植酸加营养元素型 1
1.3 国内外叶面肥的发展趋势 1
1.4 研究意义 2
1.5 在叶面肥研究中提出原子经济性概念 3
1.6 本项目叶面肥料工艺流程的确定 4
2.材料与方法  5
2.1 供试材料 5
2.2 主要仪器及药品 5
2.3 试验方法 5
2.3.1 虾下脚料中粗蛋白的脱除方法 5
2.3.2 虾壳中钙、镁的脱除方法 6
2.3.3 叶面肥母液的制备方法 7
2.3.4 叶面肥的品质评价方法 7
2.3.4.1 总氮的测定 7
2.3.4.2 总磷的测定 7
2.3.4.3 钾的测定 8
2.3.4.4 钙的测定 8
2.3.4.5 镁的测定 8
2.3.4.6 氨基酸的测定 8
2.4 叶面肥母液制备的工艺流程 8
3.结果与讨论  8
3.1 碱的用量与反应时间对提取虾下脚料中粗蛋白质的影响 8
3.1.1 物料比与粗蛋白产量关系 8
3.1.2 KOH浓度与粗蛋白质产量的关系 9
3.1.3 水解时间与粗蛋白质产量的关系 11
3.2 酸的用量与反应时间对虾壳钙、镁脱除的影响 12
3.2.1物料比与二氧化碳产量的关系 12
3.2.2 酸的浓度与二氧化碳产量的关系 13
3.2.3不同温度对二氧化碳产量的影响 14
3.3 叶面肥母液的制备 14
3.4 叶面肥的品质评价 15
3.4.1 叶面肥中氮、磷、钾及钙、镁的含量 15
3.4.2 叶面肥中氨基酸的含量与组成 15
3.5 小结与展望 16
参考文献  18
Abstract  20
致谢  21

摘        要
 本项目的研究以绿色环保和复合多功叶面肥为宗旨，以虾下脚料为原料，对传统虾下脚料加工工艺进行改进。同时引入原子经济性概念，设计出能使原料100%转化成产品的新工艺。研究结果表明：(1)处理虾下脚料的最佳碱液浓度为4.5%；最佳酸浓度为2.45%；(2)经酸碱处理后，虾下脚料可得到产品甲壳素13.77％和蛋白质27.03％；(3)经分析测定，在酸碱处理液中含氨基酸0.5％，钙38.9mg/L，镁55.367mg/L，钾20.00g/L，氮4.53g/L，磷78.93g/L，是一种营养平衡的多功叶面肥；(4)经本工艺处理可得到甲壳素、虾肽蛋白和多功能叶面肥，并使整个加工过程达到零排放、零污染。该项目的研究结果，开辟了虾下脚料加工的新方法和新工艺，对解决长期困绕我国沿海养殖加工区的环境污染和资源浪费问题，创建洁净生产示范工程具有重要的作用。
 
关键词：虾下脚料；叶面肥；原子经济性；甲壳素；虾肽蛋白 

Research on Preparation of a Green Compound Foliar Fertilizer by Shrimp Shell
Abstract：This research is based on green environmental protection and compound foliar fertilizer using shrimp waste as materials with improving in traditional process. Furthermore, Atom Economy concept is introduced. A new process of 100% conversion from materials to products was carried out. The research results indicated that the best base concentration was 4.5% and the best acid concentration was 2.45%; Chitin was obtained in 13.77% yield and protein was obtained in 27.03% yield with acid and base treatment to shrimp waste; The compound foliar fertilizer contained 0.5% of Amino acids，and the concentration of calcium was 21.9 mg/L, the concentration of magnesium was 31.125 mg/L, the concentration of potassium was 11250 mg/L, the concentration of nitrogen was 2.55 g/L and the concentration of phosphorus was 44.4 g/L; Chitin, shrimp peptide protein and compound foliar fertilizer can be obtained through this process, and zero discharge and pollution were realized in this process. These results opened up a new method and technology in shrimp waste processing and can solve the problem of Environmental Pollution and resource waste.

Key word: Shrimp waste; Foliar fertilizer; Atom economy; Chitin; Shrimp peptide protein