变频器综述

电气自动化论文编号:ZD660    论文字数:14912,页数:30

目  录
第一章  调速传动的历史及逆变器的发展 6
 1-1  调速传动的变迁 6
 1-1-1 机械式调速传动 6
 1-1-2 变速联轴节 6
 1-1-3 调速电动机 7
 1-2逆变器 7
第二章  变频器原理 9
 2-1  异步电动机调速运行原理 9
 2-2  变频器的基本动作原理及特点 10
 2-3  逆变器的构成与功能 14
 2-3-1 主电路 14
 2-3-2 控制电路 17
第三章  使用变频器的目的和优点 21
 3-1  变频器的功能和用途 21
 3-2  使用变频器的优点 21
3-3常见机械及其负载特性 25
第四章  变频器的选型 26
 4-1  变频器的选型 26
 4-1-1 变频器选型时要确定以下几点： 26
第五章  逆变器的安装与接线 27
 5-1  变频器的安装环境 27
 5-2  变频器和电机的距离确定电缆和布线方法 27
 5-3  变频器的接地 28
 5-4  变频器接线规范 28
第六章  变频器的维修 29
 6-1  日常的维护与检查 29
 6-2  故障处理与恢复运行(以车载逆变器最常见的故障及处理方法为例) 29
第七章  变频器的运行和相关参数的设置及常见故障分析 30
 7-1  变频器的运行和相关参数的设置： 30
 7-2  常见故障分析： 30
第八章  结论 32
参 考 文 献: 33
致  谢 34

摘　要

 变频器是把工频电源(50Hz或60Hz)变换成各种频率的交流电源，以实现电机的变速运行的设备，其中控制电路完成对主电路的控制，整流电路将交流电变换成直流电，直流中间电路对整流电路的输出进行平滑滤波，逆变电路将直流电再逆成交流电。变频调速是通过改变电机定子绕组供电的频率来达到调速的目的。
 变频技术是应交流电机无级调速的需要而诞生的。20世纪60年代以后，电力电子器件经历了SCR(晶闸管)、GTO(门极可关断晶闸管)、BJT(双极型功率晶体管)、MOSFET(金属氧化物场效应管)、SIT(静电感应晶体管)、SITH(静电感应晶闸管)、MGT(MOS控制晶体管)、MCT(MOS控制晶闸管)、IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)、HVIGBT(耐高压绝缘栅双极型晶闸管)的发展过程，器件的更新促进了电力电子变换技术的不断发展。20世纪70年代开始，脉宽调制变压变频(PWM－VVVF)调速研究引起了人们的高度重视。20世纪80年代，作为变频技术核心的PWM模式优化问题吸引着人们的浓厚兴趣，并得出诸多优化模式，其中以鞍形波PWM模式效果最佳。20世纪80年代后半期开始，美、日、德、英等发达国家的VVVF变频器已投入市场并获得了广泛应用。
关键词：变频器；调速传动；逆变器；电动机原理

Abstract

 The frequency changer is (50Hz or 60Hz) transforms the power frequency power source Cheng Ge to plant the frequency the alternating current supply, realizes electrical machinery's speed change movement equipment, the control circuit completes to the main circuit the control, the leveling circuit transforms the alternating current the direct current, the direct-current intermediate circuit carries on to leveling circuit's output the smooth filter, inverted the electric circuit the direct current again counter deal discharge. The frequency conversion velocity modulation is achieves the velocity modulation through the change electrical machinery stator winding power supply frequency the goal.
 The frequency conversion technology is should the alternating current machine stepless speed regulation need to be born. After the 1960s, the electric power electronic device experienced SCR (thyristor), GTO (gate to be possible to shut off thyristor, BJT (double pole power transistor), MOSFET (metal oxide compound field effect tube), SIT (electrostatic induction transistor), SITH (electrostatic induction thyristor), MGT (MOS control transistor), MCT (MOS control thyristor), IGBT (insulation grid double pole transistor), HVIGBT (bore high-pressured insulation grid double pole thyristor) the developing process extremely), component's renewal promoted the electric power electron converter technique unceasing development. In the 1970s started, the pulse-duration modulation live pressure frequency conversion (PWM-VVVF) velocity modulation research caused the people to take seriously. In the 1980s, was attracting people's strong interest as the frequency conversion technology core's PWM pattern optimization question, and obtained many optimized patterns, was best by the saddle shape wave PWM pattern effect. 20 shiji 80 niandai houbanqi the start, US and Japan, Germany, UK and so on developed country's VVVF frequency changer put into the market and has obtained the widespread application.
Key word: Frequency changer; Velocity modulation transmission; Invertor; Electric motor principle