三、标题 居中。如果有副标题,用冒号把英文主、副标题隔开,例如:
Children’s Punctuation: An Analysis of Errors in Period Placement
中文副标题须在主标题后另起一行,前面加破折号, 例如:
儿童标点符号使用研究
——句号误用分析
四、英文摘要与关键词 英文摘要以Abstract为标题,标题左顶格,字体为Times New Roman 小四号,黑正体,与摘要内容部分以冒号隔开。摘要内容部分长度为150词以内,字体为Times New Roman 小四号正体,从第二行开始到结束均为左顶格。关键词部分另起一行,以Key words为标题,关键词标题左顶格,字体为Times New Roman 小四号,黑正体,与所列关键词以冒号隔开,关键词以2至4个为宜,字体为Times New Roman 小四号正体,除少数专有名词外一律小写,关键词之间以分号隔开。
六、英文提纲 英文提纲部分以所写论文英文题目为标题,标题字体为Times New Roman三号黑正体,居中。提纲内容字体为Times New Roman小四号正体,主要纲目左对齐,以大写罗马数字标出序号(或以阿拉伯数字标出序号),次要纲目则依次以大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出序号(或均以阿拉伯数字标出序号,如以1.1, 1.2, 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ……的形式标出),各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母。处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即有Ⅰ就应有Ⅱ,有A就应有B,依次类推。提纲纲目或全部以词组形式写,或全部以句子形式写,不可词组与句子混用。具体样式参见《MLA科研论文写作规范》38页至40页,注意观察次要纲目如何依次向右适当缩进。
八、小标题 正文部分章节标题或小标题单独占一行,一级小标题(以罗马数字为序)字体为Times New Roman 小四号黑正体,其余小标题为Times New Roman 小四号正体,所有小标题均左对齐。正文部分的所有章节标题及其序号必须与提纲中的章节标题及其序号相一致。
九、例句 例句在两例以上时,拟按顺序用(1)(2)(3)等对所有的例句统一编号。每例另起一行, 空5个英文字母,回行时与上文例句对齐。
十、注释 分脚注、尾注和夹注三种。
1.脚注
对标题的注释或对全篇文章的说明以脚注的形式处理,注号用﹡而不用阿拉伯数字,列在当页正文下。字体采用默认值。
2.尾注
正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以尾注的形式处理,即在正文需要注释之处的右上方按顺序加注数码1、2、3、…,在正文之后,文献目录之前另起一页用Times New Roman小四号黑正体居中标明“Notes”,不同注释条目之间要空一行,注释条目根据相关内容在正文中出现的顺序用阿拉伯数字1.、2.、3.等编号。
3.夹注
对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式:
作者姓氏未在引文中出现
Medieva l Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend and Waugh 10-16).
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Clinchy, Graff, Goldberger, and Tarule 15-20).
(作者有三个以上,则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略,或列上全部姓氏,夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致)
作者姓氏在引文中出现
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注,但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集体作者如果组织名称太长,第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略,
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用缩略形式做夹注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名的缩略形式注释
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
转引
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文来自于中文作者
(朱贤智 and 林崇德89)
如果引文较长,超过4行,拟另起一行,不加引号,左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾:
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)