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 Build Your Management Team
If the time has come to admit you can't do it all, this guide can help you figure out just who you need on your executive team, where to find them and how to hire them.
By Stever Robbins
打造你的管理团队     如果你已经承认你不能独自完成所有的工作，本指南可以帮助你清楚知道你的管理团队需要什么样的人，你可以在哪里找到他们，并如何聘用他们。
施特弗罗宾斯 著
 In the early days of running your own business, it's natural to try to do as much as possible yourself. It's the most cost-effective, comfortable, sensible way to do things in the beginning. But as your enterprise grows, you'll find yourself stretched thinner and thinner. Eventually, you'll find you just can't continue to oversee operations and sales and accounting and fulfillment and marketing--and hope to continue to grow your business.
 在你经营自己的业务的初期，你试着尽量多的自己去完成工作。在运营的初期这是最具成本效益和自在，合理的方式。但是，当你的企业成长之后，你所能够独自处理的事情越来越少。最终，你会发现你不能继续监督运营、销售、会计和执行以及市场营销的所有部门 ，但你仍需要拓展自己的业务
 When you reach this point, it's time to think about bringing other high-level managers on board to help you out. You need to build a senior team that's able to manage all the critical areas of your business to take it to the next level.
 当你发现这一点的时候，是时候去思考让董事会其它高层管理人员来帮助你。你需要建立一个高级团队来管理所有的关键部门，以使你的事业上升到一个新的水平。
 Building your team demands matching jobs to people's strengths. That means giving people responsibilities according to skill level, not based on how close a friend they are, or how closely related they are to you, or whether you just like their sunny personality. That includes you as well--don't give yourself an impressive title and job unless you're right for the job. The fact is, many smart entrepreneurs hire their own boss when they realize their skills lie elsewhere in the company.
 打造自己的团队必须要求管理人员的能力和工作要求相符合。这意味着你必须根据他们的技术能力去赋予他们权利，而不是在于他们是否是你的一个亲密的朋友或者亲近的亲戚，抑或者你只是喜欢他们的阳光个性。不要交给一个不能达到要求的员工包括你自己一个重要的职位或者项目，事实上，当他们意识到自己的能力不足的时候，许多明智的企业家会雇佣他人
When it comes time to hire an executive team, you'll need to find people to fill the following roles:
聘请一个管理团队，你需要找到能够来填补以下角色的人：
Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The fact of the matter is, the CEO is the boss of everyone and is responsible for everything. They determine the company's strategy. They hire and build the senior team. They make the final call on how resources (read: money) get divvied up, and they're the one whose face appears on the cover of BusinessWeek--whether that's in front of a grand jury on ethics charges or in front of a 3,000-foot yacht, wildly successful, and richer than a Betty Crocker, triple-chocolate fudge cake.
•行政总裁（首席执行官）。事实上，首席执行官是每个人的老板，并负责所有的事情。他们决定公司的战略。他们聘请和建立了高层团队。他们最后决定资源如何分配，他们是商业周刊封面上的人物之一，无论是控诉伦理问题的强大的陪审团，还是在3000英尺的面前，他们都是非常成功的，比一贝蒂克罗克，三层巧克力软糖蛋糕更丰富。
The CEO's skills must include strategic thinking, the ability to rise above the daily details and decide where the industry and business are headed. They must then be able to decide the company's best route for navigating the future market conditions. They have to be able to make good bets.
CEO的技能必须包括战略思维，克服日常的琐事，以及决定产业和企业的未来的走向，他们必须能够对未来的市场做出最好的路线选择。有能力作出明智的预测。
The CEO's key skill, however, is in hiring and firing. The right management team can cover a CEO's shortcomings. A CEO may be able to set strategy, predict the future and control the budget, but if they don't hire the right team, they have to master it all themselves. So they need to be able to identify and hire the best, fire the ones who don't work out, and run the show in between.
然而CEO的主要能力，是在雇用和解雇。好的管理团队可以弥补一个CEO的缺点。一位CEO可以决定策略，预测未来，控制预算，但如果他们不聘用合适的团队，他们就必须掌握所有的事情。因此，他们需要能够识别并聘请最合适的，解雇不能胜任的，在运营中做好二者。
You know you need a professional CEO when you're mired in the details for way too long and can't pull yourself out. CEOs think about where the organization is going, the people and processes needed to get there, and how they'll work in the current market. If you like details rather than strategy, either shift your thinking or hire a CEO to do the job for you.
当你陷入企业经营细节太久又不能自拔的时候，你需要一个专业的总裁。 CEO们会思考需要一个什么样的组织，员工和工序的位置，在现在的市场中应该做些什么。如果你喜欢细节多过策略，要么改变你的想法要么雇用一个CEO来为你工作。

Chief Operating Officer (COO). A COO handles a company's complex operational details. Think about UPS moving three billion packages in the two weeks before Christmas: The company's COO insures the business can deliver day after day. He figures out just what needs to be measured so he can tell if things are going well. Then his team creates the systems to track the measurements and takes action when the company isn't delivering.
•首席营运官（首席运营官）。一个首席运营官处理复杂的运作细节。想想UPS需要移动30亿个盒子在圣诞节前的2个星期：该公司的首席运营官保证了企业能日复一日的运作。他指出什么需要被衡量使事情能够进展顺利。然后，当公司运作出现问题时，他的团队创造了跟踪测量系统，并采取行动。
In a one-location retail business, the store manager is effectively the COO. When you expand to multiple locations or when ensuring smooth operations becomes a big part of your business, it's time to hire someone who revels in measurements, operations and details.
当只有一个零售业务店时，商店经理就是有效的首席运营官。当你的业务扩展到多个地点或为了确保平稳的运营您的企业，请聘请统计，运营和细节处理的专业人员。
President. No one knows just what a president does. I've asked dozens of executives, and everyone's answer is different. Some say a president oversees staff functions--human resources, finance and strategy--while the COO oversees daily operations. Others proclaim that the president is a synonym for COO, especially in smaller companies. Yet sometimes, the president fills gaps left by the COO and CEO. Or sometimes, the title goes to someone you want at the strategy table but who doesn't have an obvious C-level title. In any case, you should think long and hard about whether you need someone to fill this title, or if your company is fully covered with a CEO and COO.
•董事长。没有人知道董事长要做什么。我问了几十个管理人员，每个人的回答是不同的。有人说，董事长负责工作人员的职能，人力资源，财务和战略 ，而首席运营官负责日常运作。其它的则说，董事长是一个首席运营官的代名词，特别是在规模较小的公司。但有时，董事长处理由首席运营官和首席执行官留下的遗漏。或有时，董事长只是在你的战略表中但实际某人并不胜任董事长这么有份量的头衔。无论如何，你应该长期或认真的考虑是否需要有人来填补这个位置，或者你的首席执行官和首席运营官已经能够胜任全部的工作。
Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Plain and simple, your CFO handles the money. They create budgets and financing strategies. They figure out if it's better for your business to lease or buy. Then they build the control systems that monitor your company's financial health. The CFO is the "bad guy" who won't let you buy that really cool videoconferencing equipment and makes you pay down a commercial loan instead. While you mope about it in your office, the CFO will be busy figuring out which customers, business lines and products are profitable, so next year you can afford the really cool videoconferencing equipment.
•首席财务总监（CFO）。理所当然，你的首席财务官就是处理钱。他们提出预算和融资策略。他们能提出对于企业是采用租用还是购买为更好的方式。他们建立的控制系统监控公司的财务状况。财务总监是“坏家伙”，他不会让你购买视像会议设备，而是让你偿还商业贷款。当你在办公室烦闷的时候，财务总监会忙于帮你计算出哪些客户，业务线和产品是盈利的，所以明年你就可以买到视频会议设备。
Believe me, you'll know when you need a CFO. Do you lie awake at night dreaming about numbers? No? Then you need to bring someone on board who does. You want a person whose dream birthday gift is a calculator and a blank book of ledger paper. Money is your business's blood, and in entrepreneurship, cash flow is everything. You don't know the difference between cash flow and profit? Run--don't walk--to the nearest phone and go find yourself a CFO.
 相信我，你会知道什么时候你需要一个财务总监。你是否躺着床上做着关于数字的梦？没有？那么你必须需要某人来辅助你，你需要一个做梦的生日礼物是一个计算器和一本空白的分类帐本的人。钱是您的企业的血液，而在企业，现金能够流动就是一切。你不知道的现金流和利润之间的区别？运行，是否顺畅，请拨打离你最近的电话，去寻找你的首席财务总监。
Chief Marketing Officer (CMO). Recently, companies have been bringing in a marketing expert at the C-level rather than as just a vice president. The reason is simple: Many current business battles are battles of marketing, so corporate strategy often hinges on marketing strategy. The CMO owns the marketing strategy--and that often includes the sales strategy--and oversees its implementation. The CMO will know (or learn) your industry inside out and helps you position your product, differentiate it from your competitors' products, enlist distributors, and make sure customers learn to crave your product.
•首席营销官（CMO）。最近，企业会聘请一个高级营销专家而不是一个副总裁。原因很简单：目前，很多商战是营销战，因此，企业战略，往往取决于市场营销战略。首席营销官决定营销策略，这通常包括销售策略，并监督其执行。首席营销官了解行业并帮助你将产品定位，将你的产品和竞争对手的产品区分，招募分销商，并确保客户喜欢你的产品。
If your business's success depends mainly on marketing, you need a CMO. That might be you--but only if you have time to keep up with competitors, oversee the marketing implementation, and still do the rest of your job--and do it well. Otherwise, you need to look for the person with the sunny disposition, Blackberry in hand, keeping up on what's hot and what's not.
如果您的企业的成功主要取决于市场，你需要一个首席营销官。你要跟上竞争对手的脚步，监督市场的实施，并完成你剩下的工作，而且做得很好。你需要寻找一个性格开朗的人，胸有成竹，知道市场需要什么，不需要什么的首席营销官。
Chief Technology Officer (CTO). I'm a techie from way back, so I'm pretty opinionated about CTOs: Many of them just don't belong in the C-suite. A CTO should keep up with technology trends, integrate those trends into the company's strategy, and make sure the company keeps current when it's necessary. They should not be buying new toys and leading-edge technology just because it's the latest, greatest thing out there.
You need a CTO if technology impacts your business or industry strategically. (If you're in tech yourself, or your industry relies heavily on technology, that means you.)
Here's a quick test to find out if your CTO can link technology and strategy: Ask your CTO how a company's chosen programming language choice affects strategy. If the answer sounds more sophisticated than "It makes it easier to find programmers," your CTO just might know how to think strategically.
•首席技术主任（首席技术官）。我以前是做技术人员的，所以我对首席技术官的认为是：他们中许多人根本不能称得上这个头衔。一个首席技术官应该跟上技术发展趋势，并将技术融入公司的战略，并在公司需要的时候跟上脚步，他们购入新玩具、新技术的原因不应该只是因为它们在市场上是最新的、最好的。如果技术影响您的业务或行业战略你需要一个CTO。（如果你本身注重技术，或者你的行业是重技术行业，那就更需要一个CTO。）这里有一个快速的测试来看看你的首席技术官是否能够将技术和策略链接，问问你的首席技术官怎样选择公司的编程语言来影响策略。如果答案听起来更的比“它使我们更容易找到程序员”复杂，你的首席技术官也许知道如何战略性的思考。

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